Fortunately this year the celebrations of Day of Remembrance of the martyrs of sinkholes and Julian Dalmatian exodus took place in the absence of sterile polemics. Even Piacenza, in its small, has finally fulfilled his duty by naming a public area who gave their lives in the Karst and suffered so much in leaving their homeland forever.
Unfortunately, only in the last 10-15 years has been recovered this page ripped from Italian history. As well said President Napolitano, Italy has remained hostage to its past for too long.
The memory of these tragedies has been hidden for too long. The establishment of this day of remembrance was a way to rectify the kind of damnatio memoriae who has long covered the whole story, for reasons of domestic and international. On the one hand, it was difficult for Italy came from the Republican resistance to admit the excesses of the Resistance red and then the carnage of the communist Tito and those pages are not Pc of the Italian nobility, when the Trieste Togliatti's invitation to accept the Yugoslav troops as liberating. On the other hand, on the international front, the damnatio memoriae was due to the fact that when Tito broke with Moscow and became the head of the non-aligned, became functional in the western world, so as not to touch a man, painted as a great statesman which were hidden misdeeds, mystifying what happened.
In this context the plight of refugees from Istria Dalmatian Giuliani was twofold: not only exodus and sinkholes, but also a forgotten story for years. While Italy was pretending to have won the war, the weight of defeat was paid by the Italians in the north east through the ravines and the exodus. The drama of the exiles, of those who would continue to be Italian to do so and were forced to leave was particularly significant when they returned, they found themselves in the conditions of exiles to their homeland. Then twice exiled. Scattered in camps around an Italy destroyed and not prepared to accommodate 350,000 people, passed by the sight of their sea, the Adriatic, the cold of old barracks, boats, former fields di prigionia.
Vittime delle foibe e più in generale delle esecuzioni jugoslave non furono solo militanti fascisti, ma anche «preti, antifascisti e addirittura membri del Comitato di liberazione nazionale» (Gianni Oliva, Foibe, 2002). Gli infoibati ebbero tutti una colpa comune: l’essere italiani. Non vi scamparono nemmeno i partigiani: «…altre formazioni di comunisti italiani incontrarono sorti peggiori. Gli slavi infatti non esitavano a passare per le armi quei comandanti che rifiutavano di sottoporsi al loro controllo. È quanto è capitato, per esempio, al Battaglione Giovanni Zol, che pretendeva di ricevere ordini solo dalla federazione triestina del Pci. Accusati sbrigativamente di “insubordinazione al superiore comando jugoslavo” tre esponenti del Battaglione, Giovanni Pezza, Umberto Dorino e Mario Zezza, furono condannati a morte. Pezza e Dorino furono immediatamente fucilati, Zezza riuscì a salvarsi in circostanze fortunose» (Arrigo Petacco, l’Esodo, 1999). Il termine “foibe” ha assunto oggi un carattere simbolico: molti italiani finirono nelle voragini carsiche ma la maggior parte delle vittime fu eliminata nelle prigioni e nei campi di concentramento jugoslavi
Oggi grazie alla memoria condivisa è possibile squarciare il velo della verità senza pregiudizi. L’auspicio è che il ricordo dell’esodo e delle foibe sia utile all’Italia per recuperare il sentimento dell’unità, Unfortunately these days many wrong and opposed. It's time to leave behind certain divisions, putting aside selfishness and committing together for the common good.
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